Rotator Cuff Disorders

Condition Basics

What are rotator cuff disorders?

The rotator cuff is a group of tough, flexible fibers (tendons) and muscles in the shoulder, Opens dialog. Rotator cuff disorders include:

  • Irritation or damage to the tendons (tendinopathy, sometimes called tendinitis).
  • Inflammation or irritation of a bursa (bursitis, Opens dialog). In the shoulder, a bursa is a small, fluid-filled sac that serves as a cushion between the tendons and the bones.
  • Impingement. This means that a tendon is squeezed or rubbed against bone.
  • Calcium buildup in the tendons. The buildup can cause a painful condition called calcific tendinopathy, Opens dialog.
  • Partial or complete tears of the rotator cuff tendons.

What causes them?

Most rotator cuff disorders are caused by a mix of overuse and normal wear and tear. It usually takes great force to tear a healthy rotator cuff tendon. This can happen during sports, an accident, or a severe fall.

What are the symptoms?

A rotator cuff disorder causes pain and weakness in your shoulder. Most often, the pain is on the side and front of the upper arm and shoulder. It may hurt when you do everyday things, such as comb your hair or reach for something. You may have pain during the night and trouble sleeping.

How are they diagnosed?

To diagnose a rotator cuff disorder, doctors ask about any shoulder injuries or past shoulder pain. They also do a physical exam to check for painful areas or activities. You may have an X-ray, Opens dialog to check the bones in the shoulder. If needed, the doctor may order more tests.

How are rotator cuff disorders treated?

Treatment of a rotator cuff disorder depends on your symptoms, your age, and how active you are. Most are treated without surgery. You may get medicines and use home treatment, such as rest and applying cold or heat. You may have physical therapy. Your doctor may also give you a shot of steroid medicine in the shoulder if other treatments haven't worked.

Next Section:

Health Tools

Current as of: July 31, 2024

Author: Ignite Healthwise, LLC Staff

Clinical Review Board
All Healthwise education is reviewed by a team that includes physicians, nurses, advanced practitioners, registered dieticians, and other healthcare professionals.